gruff
- adj. 粗暴的；粗哑的；脾气坏的
- vt. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说
- vi. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说话
- n. 格拉夫（英国珠宝品牌）
英英释意
- 1. brusque and surly and forbidding;
- "crusty remarks"
- "a crusty old man"
- "his curmudgeonly temper"
- "gruff manner"
- "a gruff reply"
- 2. deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion;
- "gruff voices"
- "the dog's gruff barking"
- "hoarse cries"
- "makes all the instruments sound powerful but husky"- Virgil Thomson